The minimum hardware requirement for windows XP are :
Thursday 26 March 2020
FEATURES OF WINDOWS XP
Main features of windows XP are :
1. Graphical user interface
2. 32-bit processing :
Windows XP offers a 32-bit processing operating system that is optimal for working with the internet.
3. Multitasking :
It enable running multiple programs at a time.
4. Plug and play :
Plug and play features allows automatic detection and configuration of an new hardware installed on the machine.
5. Networking capabilities :
It has full featured networking capabilities.
6. Manage multiple users :
It can manage multiple users with different privileges on the same computer .
7. Multimedia support :
The windows media players included in windows XP enables you to play almost every type of multimedia file. It the best software for enjoying music,video and broadband.
8. Windows security center :
Enables users to easily define and manage the security setting for the computer.
9. File grouping :
The intelligent taskbar of windows XP automatically groups multiple windows of same application into one application group on taskbar.
10. Adaptive user environment :
The redesigned start menu displays the most commonly used items first.
11. Enhanced device driver verifier :
It tests the device drivers and if it passes certain level , it enables it to be installed.
12. Windows firewall :
Firewall protection saves your computers from virusus.
13. Remote desktop :
Remote desktop enables a user to work on the desktop of his office computer while sitting on some other computer, through network.
14. Disk manager utility :
This features enables you to partition and format disks.
15. Disk compression utility :
This features relocates the contents of the disk to create free areas on disks and thereby reducing the memory wastage.
16. Disk compression utility :
This features is used to compress the fixed and removable disks and increase the storage space in them.
17. Support virtual memory :
The setting of virtual memory can be set to automatic or manual.
18. Filmstrip view :
Filmstrip view helps you to view image files in a better and efficient way.
19. Object linking and embedding (OLE) :
This features is used to embed and link a part of one program into other program.
20. Attachment manager :
This features of XP automatically isolates the possible unsafe attachment during opening process.
1. Graphical user interface
2. 32-bit processing :
Windows XP offers a 32-bit processing operating system that is optimal for working with the internet.
3. Multitasking :
It enable running multiple programs at a time.
4. Plug and play :
Plug and play features allows automatic detection and configuration of an new hardware installed on the machine.
5. Networking capabilities :
It has full featured networking capabilities.
6. Manage multiple users :
It can manage multiple users with different privileges on the same computer .
7. Multimedia support :
The windows media players included in windows XP enables you to play almost every type of multimedia file. It the best software for enjoying music,video and broadband.
8. Windows security center :
Enables users to easily define and manage the security setting for the computer.
9. File grouping :
The intelligent taskbar of windows XP automatically groups multiple windows of same application into one application group on taskbar.
10. Adaptive user environment :
The redesigned start menu displays the most commonly used items first.
11. Enhanced device driver verifier :
It tests the device drivers and if it passes certain level , it enables it to be installed.
12. Windows firewall :
Firewall protection saves your computers from virusus.
13. Remote desktop :
Remote desktop enables a user to work on the desktop of his office computer while sitting on some other computer, through network.
14. Disk manager utility :
This features enables you to partition and format disks.
15. Disk compression utility :
This features relocates the contents of the disk to create free areas on disks and thereby reducing the memory wastage.
16. Disk compression utility :
This features is used to compress the fixed and removable disks and increase the storage space in them.
17. Support virtual memory :
The setting of virtual memory can be set to automatic or manual.
18. Filmstrip view :
Filmstrip view helps you to view image files in a better and efficient way.
19. Object linking and embedding (OLE) :
This features is used to embed and link a part of one program into other program.
20. Attachment manager :
This features of XP automatically isolates the possible unsafe attachment during opening process.
Tuesday 24 March 2020
VERSIONS OF WINDOWS ARE
VERSIONS OF WINDOWS :
1. Windows 1.0
2. Windows 2.0
3. Windows 3.1
4. Windows 3.11
5. Windows NT 3.1
6. Windows NT workstation 3.5
7. Windows 95
8. Windows NT workstation 0
9. Windows 98
10. Windows Millennium Edition (ME)
11. Windows 2000
12. Windows XP
13. Windows Vista
14. Windows 2007
15. Windows 2008
16. Windows 2010
1. Windows 1.0
2. Windows 2.0
3. Windows 3.1
4. Windows 3.11
5. Windows NT 3.1
6. Windows NT workstation 3.5
7. Windows 95
8. Windows NT workstation 0
9. Windows 98
10. Windows Millennium Edition (ME)
11. Windows 2000
12. Windows XP
13. Windows Vista
14. Windows 2007
15. Windows 2008
16. Windows 2010
BASICS OF WINDOWS
Microsoft windows is the most popular operating system in the world. microsoft releases the first version of windows in 1983. Version 1.0 introduced the Graphical User Interface.
Windows XP, ("XP stands for eXPerience), was released on october 25,2001.
There are two editions of windows XP :
(a) Windows XP Professional :
It is designed for business desktop users. it enhances reliability,security,and performance of a desktop computer. it offers a fresh visual design, and advanced networking features. it contains wireless 802.1 support for mobile users.
(b) Windows XP Home Edition :
It is designed for home based desktop users.If offers a clean, simplified visual design.Home edition offers enhancements as the Network Setup Wizard, Windows Media Player, Windows Movie Maker, and enhanced digital photo capabilities.
Windows XP, ("XP stands for eXPerience), was released on october 25,2001.
There are two editions of windows XP :
(a) Windows XP Professional :
It is designed for business desktop users. it enhances reliability,security,and performance of a desktop computer. it offers a fresh visual design, and advanced networking features. it contains wireless 802.1 support for mobile users.
(b) Windows XP Home Edition :
It is designed for home based desktop users.If offers a clean, simplified visual design.Home edition offers enhancements as the Network Setup Wizard, Windows Media Player, Windows Movie Maker, and enhanced digital photo capabilities.
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF GUI
Advantage of GUI :
1. User-Friendly.
2. Easy to learn and use.
3. Reduce development and learning time.
4. No typing errors.
5. No need to remember the exact syntax of the command to perform the desire task.
6. Consistency simplifier the learning of a new application. The user can learn a second application faster because he or she is familiar with the environment.
7. GUI is flexible i.e. the application provide multiple ways of performing the same function.
8. GUI have data exchange features such as Dynamic Data Exchange to transfer data to or from spreadsheets,word procerrors, desktop publishing programs etc.
9. Final benefit of a GUI is that we can see the final product before we print it. WHAT YOU SEE IS WHAT YOU GET (WYSIWYG) is a features essential to desktop publishing and drawing applications.
Disadvantage of GUI :
1. Expensive.
2. Need of pointing devices such as mouse.
3. Extra memory.
4. Screen refresh is slower.
1. User-Friendly.
2. Easy to learn and use.
3. Reduce development and learning time.
4. No typing errors.
5. No need to remember the exact syntax of the command to perform the desire task.
6. Consistency simplifier the learning of a new application. The user can learn a second application faster because he or she is familiar with the environment.
7. GUI is flexible i.e. the application provide multiple ways of performing the same function.
8. GUI have data exchange features such as Dynamic Data Exchange to transfer data to or from spreadsheets,word procerrors, desktop publishing programs etc.
9. Final benefit of a GUI is that we can see the final product before we print it. WHAT YOU SEE IS WHAT YOU GET (WYSIWYG) is a features essential to desktop publishing and drawing applications.
Disadvantage of GUI :
1. Expensive.
2. Need of pointing devices such as mouse.
3. Extra memory.
4. Screen refresh is slower.
INTERFACE
Definition :
The medium through which you communicate with computer is called the user interface.
There era two types of user interface:
1. Character User interface (CUI) :
character user interface uses a text to communicate with user.For example, DOS. In this type of interface, you have to type the command to perform the desire task. The user has to remember the exact syntax of the command.
2. Graphical User interface (GUI) :
A GUI is an application environment that can work with graphical objects.For example, Microsoft Windows. In this type of interface , the user select the pictures or icons available o n the desktop to perform his/her task.There is no need to remember the exact syntax of the command in GUI.
The medium through which you communicate with computer is called the user interface.
There era two types of user interface:
1. Character User interface (CUI) :
character user interface uses a text to communicate with user.For example, DOS. In this type of interface, you have to type the command to perform the desire task. The user has to remember the exact syntax of the command.
2. Graphical User interface (GUI) :
A GUI is an application environment that can work with graphical objects.For example, Microsoft Windows. In this type of interface , the user select the pictures or icons available o n the desktop to perform his/her task.There is no need to remember the exact syntax of the command in GUI.
CHARACTERISTICS OR FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM
Functions of operating system :
1. Memory management
(a) It keeps track of primary memory i.e. what part of it are in use by whom,what part are not in use etc.
(b) In multiprogramming , it decides which process will get memory when and how much.
(c) Allocates the memory when the process or program request it to do so.
(d) Declaims the memory when the process no longer needs it or has been transmitted.
2. Processor management
(a) Keep track of processor and status of process. program that does this is called traffic controller.
(b) In multiprogramming, it decides which process gets the processor when & how much time. this function is called process scheduling.
(c) Allocate the processer (CPU) to a process.
(d) Deallocate processor when processor is no longer required.
3. Device Management
(a) Keep track of all devices. This is also typically called the I/O controller.
(b) Decides which process gets the device when & for how much time.
(c) Allocate the device in an efficient way.
(d) Dallocate devices.
4. File management
(a) It keeps track of information ,its location,uses,status etc. the collective facilities are often known as file system.
(b) Decides who gets the resources.
(c) Allocates the resources.
(d) Deallocates the resources.
5. Security :
By means of passwords & similar other techniques, preventing unauthorized access to programs & data.
6. Control over system performance :
Recording delays between requests for a service & response from the system.
7. Job accounting :
Keeping track of time & resources used by various jobs and/or users.
8. Interaction with the operators :
the interaction takes place via the console of the computer in the form of instruction from the operator acknowledging the same, action thereon, as well as informing the operation by means of display screen of work & problem encountered.
9. Error detecting aids :
production of dumps, traces, error messages and other debugging and error-detecting aids.
10. Coordination between other software and users :
Coordination and assignment of compilers,interpreters,assemblers and other softwares to the various users of the computer systems.
1. Memory management
(a) It keeps track of primary memory i.e. what part of it are in use by whom,what part are not in use etc.
(b) In multiprogramming , it decides which process will get memory when and how much.
(c) Allocates the memory when the process or program request it to do so.
(d) Declaims the memory when the process no longer needs it or has been transmitted.
2. Processor management
(a) Keep track of processor and status of process. program that does this is called traffic controller.
(b) In multiprogramming, it decides which process gets the processor when & how much time. this function is called process scheduling.
(c) Allocate the processer (CPU) to a process.
(d) Deallocate processor when processor is no longer required.
3. Device Management
(a) Keep track of all devices. This is also typically called the I/O controller.
(b) Decides which process gets the device when & for how much time.
(c) Allocate the device in an efficient way.
(d) Dallocate devices.
4. File management
(a) It keeps track of information ,its location,uses,status etc. the collective facilities are often known as file system.
(b) Decides who gets the resources.
(c) Allocates the resources.
(d) Deallocates the resources.
5. Security :
By means of passwords & similar other techniques, preventing unauthorized access to programs & data.
6. Control over system performance :
Recording delays between requests for a service & response from the system.
7. Job accounting :
Keeping track of time & resources used by various jobs and/or users.
8. Interaction with the operators :
the interaction takes place via the console of the computer in the form of instruction from the operator acknowledging the same, action thereon, as well as informing the operation by means of display screen of work & problem encountered.
9. Error detecting aids :
production of dumps, traces, error messages and other debugging and error-detecting aids.
10. Coordination between other software and users :
Coordination and assignment of compilers,interpreters,assemblers and other softwares to the various users of the computer systems.
OPERATING SYSTEM
Operating system :
An operating system is an integrated set of specialised programs that are used to manage over all resources of and operation of the computer. It is specialised software that controls and monitors the execution of all other programs that reside in the computer, including application programs and other system software.
NOTE :
An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware and controls and manages the overall resources of computer system.
Objective of operating system :
1. Making a computer system convenient to use in an efficient manner.
The operating system hides the details of the hardware resources from the user and provides the user with a convenient interface for using the computer system. It acts as an intermediatory between the hardware and its users and making it easier for the user to access and use other resources.
The efficient operation of the computer system is particularly important for large, shared multiuser systems. These systems are very expensive, so it is desirable to make them as efficient as possible.
2. Managing the resources of a computer system.
This objective involves performing such tasks as keeping track of who is using which resource , granting resource requests, accounting for resources usage and mediating conflicting requests from different programs and users. The efficient and fair sharing of resources among users and/or programs is a key goal of most operating system.
ADVANTAGE OF AN ELECTRONIC WORKSHEET
Advantage of an electronic worksheet (spreadsheets) :
1. The results are accurate.
2. The worksheet can be quite big in size and any part of it can be viewed or edited.
3. Data entered in a worksheet can be formatted in several ways.
4. Built-in-mathematically,trigonometric,financial and statistical functions.
5. Data can also be viewed in the form of graphs.
6. The worksheet is saved in an electronic file. This file can be retrieved and modified later, if required.
7. An existing worksheet or any part of it can be merged with any existing or new worksheet.
8. The information entered in a worksheet can be sorted in a desired format.
9. You can easily and quickly produce reports and get answers to 'what-if' questions.
10. The information stored in a worksheet can be transformed to other software programs, such as Word, WordStar, Foxpro, dBASE, etc.
1. The results are accurate.
2. The worksheet can be quite big in size and any part of it can be viewed or edited.
3. Data entered in a worksheet can be formatted in several ways.
4. Built-in-mathematically,trigonometric,financial and statistical functions.
5. Data can also be viewed in the form of graphs.
6. The worksheet is saved in an electronic file. This file can be retrieved and modified later, if required.
7. An existing worksheet or any part of it can be merged with any existing or new worksheet.
8. The information entered in a worksheet can be sorted in a desired format.
9. You can easily and quickly produce reports and get answers to 'what-if' questions.
10. The information stored in a worksheet can be transformed to other software programs, such as Word, WordStar, Foxpro, dBASE, etc.
APPLICATION OF SPREADSHEETS
APPLICATION OF SPREADSHEETS :
1. Annual reports of organisation.
2. Income statement and income tax calculation.
3. Payrolls.
4. Invoicing.
5. Accounts payable and receivable.
6. Production and marketing analysis.
7. Investment and loan analysis .
8. Banking and other financial services.
9. Inventory control.
10. Scientific calculations.
11. Cost-effective analysis.
12. Budgets.
13. Home users to keep track of daily expense.
14. Hospitals use spreadsheets to keep the records of different patients.
15. Educational institutions are use spreadsheets to keep the records of different students.
1. Annual reports of organisation.
2. Income statement and income tax calculation.
3. Payrolls.
4. Invoicing.
5. Accounts payable and receivable.
6. Production and marketing analysis.
7. Investment and loan analysis .
8. Banking and other financial services.
9. Inventory control.
10. Scientific calculations.
11. Cost-effective analysis.
12. Budgets.
13. Home users to keep track of daily expense.
14. Hospitals use spreadsheets to keep the records of different patients.
15. Educational institutions are use spreadsheets to keep the records of different students.
Sunday 22 March 2020
MICROSOFT EXCEL AND ITS FEATURE
Definition :
microsoft excel is a spreadsheet software that allows to enter, analyze and manage our data. It provides built in feature and tools such as formulas, functions and data analysis tools to work quickly with large amount of data.
Features of MS excel :
1. microsoft excel contains workbooks, which store information in worksheets.
2. A worksheets consists of 16,384 columns and 10,48,576 rows.
3. Each cell of excel worksheet has a unique name . for example, A3 denoting column A and row 3.
4. Offers compatibility with various RDBMS software like FoxPro and MS access.
5. Supports graphics and charts.
6. In MS excel, we can easily add,remove,rename,move or copy worksheets.
7. Provide many built in function to automate the work in quick, easy and effective manner.
8. Auto calculation : the data is automatically recalculated in the whole worksheets if any change is made in a single cell.
9. Fast searching and instant replacing of data.
10. Allows to group and outline data.
11. Contains facilities like auto list, spelling and grammer check, find and replace etc. for jhj effective data entry.
12. Allows to sort data on one or more field.
13. Supports what - if analysis.
14. Allows you to link various worksheet in such a manner that the change in one worksheet effect the result in the other.
15. Allows you to automate your work using macros.
16. MS excel has a powerful support for printing feature.
17. MS excel also has a support for drawing toolbar for drawing various objects.
microsoft excel is a spreadsheet software that allows to enter, analyze and manage our data. It provides built in feature and tools such as formulas, functions and data analysis tools to work quickly with large amount of data.
Features of MS excel :
1. microsoft excel contains workbooks, which store information in worksheets.
2. A worksheets consists of 16,384 columns and 10,48,576 rows.
3. Each cell of excel worksheet has a unique name . for example, A3 denoting column A and row 3.
4. Offers compatibility with various RDBMS software like FoxPro and MS access.
5. Supports graphics and charts.
6. In MS excel, we can easily add,remove,rename,move or copy worksheets.
7. Provide many built in function to automate the work in quick, easy and effective manner.
8. Auto calculation : the data is automatically recalculated in the whole worksheets if any change is made in a single cell.
9. Fast searching and instant replacing of data.
10. Allows to group and outline data.
11. Contains facilities like auto list, spelling and grammer check, find and replace etc. for jhj effective data entry.
12. Allows to sort data on one or more field.
13. Supports what - if analysis.
14. Allows you to link various worksheet in such a manner that the change in one worksheet effect the result in the other.
15. Allows you to automate your work using macros.
16. MS excel has a powerful support for printing feature.
17. MS excel also has a support for drawing toolbar for drawing various objects.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)