Pitts India act of 1784

 Pitts India act of 1784

The features of act as follows :

1.It distinguished between the commercial and political function of the company.

2.It allowed the court of directors to manage the commercial affairs, but created a new body called Board     of control to manage the political affairs. thus, it established the system of double government.

3.It empowered the board of control to supervise and direct all operations of the civil and military                 government or revenues of the British possessions in India.

  

Amending act of 1781

Amending act of 1781

In a bid to rectify the defects of the regulating act of  1773 ,the British Parliament passed amending act of 1781, also known as the act of settlement.

The features of this act was follows:

1. It exempted the governor-general and the council from the jurisdiction of the supreme court for the acts     done by them in their  official capacity. similarly, it exempted the servants of the company from the             jurisdiction.

2. It excluded the revenue matters and the matters rising in the collection of revenue the jurisdiction of the     supreme court.

3. It provided that the supreme court was to have jurisdiction over all the inhabitants of Culcutta. It also       required the court to administer the personal  law of the defendants . Hindus were tried according to          Hindu law and Muslim were tried according to Mohammedan law.  

4. It laid down that the appeals from the provincial courts could be taken to the Governor-General-in -         Council and not to the supreme court.

5. It empowered the Governor-General-in-Council  to frame regulations for the provincial courts and            Acouncils. 

Regulating act of 1773

Regulating act of 1773

this act was of great constitutional importance as it was the first step taken by the British government to control and regulate affairs of the East India company in India. It recognised first time , the political and administrative function of the company; and it laid the foundation of  administration in India.

The features of this Act was as follows:

1. It designated the governor of Bengal as the "Governor General of Bengal" and created an executive            council of four members to assist him. The first such Governor General was Lord warren Hastings.

2. It made the governors of Bombay and Madras presidencies subordinate to governor general of Bengal,      unlike earlier, when the three presidencies were independent of one another.

3. It provided for the establishment of a Supreme Court at Calcutta (1774) comprising one chief justice          and three other judges.

4. It prohibited the servants of company from engaging in any private trade or accepting presents of                bribes from the "native".

5. It strengthened the control of the British Government over the company by requiring the court of                directors to report on its revenue, civil and military affairs in India.